Panda taming is not that easy
In 2004, The Australia Institute published a report entitled Taming the Panda The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Federal Government. The report tried to make the claim that WWF supported the Federal Government, led by Prime Minister John Howard, in return for receiving vast amounts of government money.
Despite having rebutted the allegations in this report on previous occasions, it seems you can't keep a good conspiracy theory down.
So for the benefit of WWF supporters, here are the facts.
Lack of methodical analysis
The Taming the Panda report is marked by clear failures to observe the standards of methodical analysis and lack of bias one might have expected of an organisation which claims to be Australia's leading public interest think tank.
The evidence cited for WWF's allegedly close relationship with the Federal Government was:
- That WWF supported the enactment of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; this is true and we are proud of the fact.
- That WWF has received significant grants from the Government; this is true and we are proud of the conservation results of the work we have undertaken with these funds.
- That WWF's media releases are always supportive of the Government environmental initiatives; this is completely wrong.
The basic argument - that WWF supports the Government in return for funding - is not supported by the evidence presented in the report. In fact the report does not support a finding that WWF's relationship with the Government is even close, let alone provide any basis for suggesting that WWF has ceased to be independent.
When WWF praises a particular initiative by a government - for example massively increasing the protection of the Great Barrier Reef - we have been delighted. On the other hand when governments make bad decisions, or fail to act, we say so.
Government funding and WWF's work
The report claims that increased government funding has resulted in WWF being less critical of the government. Government income for the 2001-02 financial year was 34% of all total revenue; in 2002-03 this reduced to 26%, and fell further to 18% in 2003-04. 2004-05 saw a small proportional increase to 21% - a reduction of 13% since 2001-02.
Approximately 70% of WWF's conservation program expenditure in 2004-05 is for the management and implementation of field-based projects and community-based conservation work.
The vast majority of WWF government funding is for on-ground projects through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) process. Other groups such as the Australian Conservation Foundation and The Wilderness Society, with whom WWF is compared with in the report, do not have field-based programs, and so the comparison is spurious.
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
WWF supported the introduction of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act because the Act significantly extended and improved Commonwealth environmental law. The Act, which was significantly improved in the Senate by the minor parties in response to issues raised by WWF and other environmental groups, was also supported by some, but not all, other environment groups. In our view, much of the opposition to the EPBC Act was based on political considerations, not environmental ones.
WWF and other groups and individuals have since used the EPBC Act and have even used the Act in legal proceedings against the Federal Government. These examples include:
- WWF and the Queensland Conservation Council: Queensland Conservation Council Inc v Minister for the Environment and Heritage [2003] FCA 1463 (19 December 2003),
- on appeal, Minister for the Environment and Heritage v Queensland Conservation Council Inc [2004] FCAFC 190 (30 July 2004) ("the Nathan Dam case");
- Humane Society International: Humane Society International Inc v Minister for the Environment & Heritage [2003] FCA 64 (12 February 2003) and
- Tasmanian Conservation Trust: Tasmanian Conservation Trust v Minister for Environment and Heritage [2004] FCA 883 (7 July 2004) ("the Meander Dam case").
Green Senator Bob Brown also used the EPBC Act in his injunction case against logging in the Wielangta Forest of Tasmania in 2005.
WWF and the Queensland Conservation Council sought judicial review of a decision made by the Minister in 2004 under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. WWF and the Council succeeded at first instance and on appeal. This decision of the Federal Court significantly extended federal powers in relation to the environment1.
The clearest evidence of independence is when an organisation risks its reputation to tackle a government in a forum where both are equal. WWF has been willing to do so against the Government and has succeeded.
Just because WWF supports the EPBC Act in principle, does not mean we agree with all of the decisions made by the Environment Minister. In fact we are very concerned that the EPBC Act is under badly under-used. A good analysis of the failure of the government to use the EPBC Act to its full potential (290.8 KB) has been produced by Humane Society International.
Grants from government is not evidence of a lack of independence
WWF is unique among the larger conservation organisations in Australia in that it engages in conservation policy and advocacy work as well as having a major investment in on-the-ground work.
In the 2004-05 financial year our total income from all government sources amounted to just over $3.6 million, 21% of the total. Most of this was for on-the-ground threatened species programs and included $514,000 for community-based threatened species projects that are carried out by a wide variety of other (non-WWF) organisations. This is a very small amount when compared to the $300 million budgeted by the Commonwealth Government in the 2004 Federal Budget for the Natural Heritage Trust.
A recent ruling by the Australian Taxation Office makes it quite clear that any charity that supports a political party would put its tax-deductibility at risk. There is no way that WWF would put this at risk.
WWF's view has always been that if Governments provide funding for conservation projects then we should apply for such funds if we can use them well. No-one can honestly believe that the hundreds of organisation across Australia that apply for funds from government sources have been captured. The only strings that come attached are the practical ones - reporting on outcomes and expenditures.
Media releases are not evidence of lack of independence
The report relies upon an analysis of media releases by WWF and other environmental organisations to suggest that WWF lacks independence. It does so by reproducing excerpts from WWF media releases and excerpts from media releases of various other environmental organisations in relation to Government initiatives and comparing them.
Amongst the flaws in the analysis are:
- The media releases of both WWF and the other organisations have been edited and the principles under which such editing has taken place are not explained.
- Complete copies of media releases are not appended to the report.
- There is no consistency in the selection of the other environmental organisations to which WWF is compared. That is to say, in some cases the other environmental organisation is the Australian Conservation Foundation, in others it is the Wilderness Society or Greenpeace and in yet others it is the Total Environment Centre or a Conservation Council. This suggests that the relevant media release has been deliberately selected in order to highlight differences between the views.
- In some cases there is no real difference between the views expressed by WWF or the other organisation.
- Our views are only presented through press releases. Most of WWF's communication with government actually takes the form of letters direct to government Ministers and officials and, while many of them are critical of government, they are unlikely to be of any interest to the media.
The analysis of media releases has no empirical basis. It is merely an exercise in innuendo.
A representative list of WWF's media releases that includes a variety of responses - both critical and supportive of the government's position on a variety of issues - is provided for reference:
Federal Government
Biodiversity
EPBC
- Court win results in major expansion of federal environmental powers
- Nathan Dam court win confirms major expansion of federal environmental powers
AP6
- AP6 locks world in to four degrees global warming
- What does a 4 degree temperature rise mean for Australia?
Water and energy
Policies
Nuclear
Oceans
State Governments
NSW
- NSW biodiversity threatened by land clearing review
- Jury still out on Government over landclearing
- Report shows NSW failing to stop land clearing
WA
Victoria
- Hazelwood decision is shocking response to climate change threat
- Hazelwood - the dirtiest power station in the world?
- Hazelwood tops international list of dirty power stations
- Effects of greenhouse gas emissions can't be ignored
Queensland
- Queensland continues to flout Murray Darling cap
- Smart water planning, not pipedreams, for Southeast Queensland
- New report shows land clearing is decimating Queensland wildlife
- World class legislation - new land clearing policy for Queensland
WWF is strictly non-party political
WWF is a non-party political organisation that seeks to achieve significant conservation outcomes by, wherever possible, working co-operatively with all stakeholders.
WWF believes that the purpose of the Australia Institute report was to damage the reputation of WWF rather than to debate a significant public issue.
Notes
- Humane Society International and the Tasmanian Conservation Trust also sought judicial reviews decisions made by the Minister under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act. The Society succeeded at first instance and no appeal was lodged by the Minister. Tasmanian Conservation Trust matter did not proceed to hearing.